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Lactose intolerance has become an increasingly relevant topic in public health, affecting a significant percentage of the population, estimated to be between 20% and 40%. This digestive disorder occurs due to a deficiency of lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose, the sugar found in milk and its derivatives.
Eider Sánchez, head of the Nutrition department at Policlínica Gipuzkoa, explains that when there isn’t enough lactase in the small intestine, lactose is not digested properly and reaches the large intestine, where it is fermented by bacteria, leading to uncomfortable symptoms such as gas, abdominal bloating, diarrhea, and nausea. It is crucial not to confuse this condition with a milk allergy; while intolerance manifests through digestive issues, an allergy involves an immune system reaction that can be severe.
Symptoms typically begin between 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming dairy products, although for some individuals, it may take longer to appear. Diagnosis is primarily based on the patient’s medical history and symptoms, although there are specific tests, such as the hydrogen breath test or the blood lactose tolerance test.
Sánchez clarifies that it is not always necessary to completely eliminate dairy from the diet, as many intolerant individuals can consume products like aged cheeses, yogurts, and kefir, which contain less lactose. Additionally, there are lactose-free dairy options that maintain calcium content, which is essential for bone health.
For those who choose not to consume dairy, the nutritionist suggests calcium-rich alternatives such as sesame seeds, small fish with bones, nuts, legumes, and leafy green vegetables. Finally, Eider Sánchez emphasizes the importance of consulting a healthcare professional when lactose intolerance is suspected to ensure proper evaluation and avoid unnecessary dietary restrictions.
As part of this research, Quirónsalud is conducting multiple projects across Spain, covering different medical specialties and aiming to enhance care and the experience in its healthcare units.
Referrer: MiMub in Spanish