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On January 1, 2025, the population of the European Union (EU) reached 450.4 million inhabitants, representing an increase of 1,070,702 people compared to the previous year. This growth marks the fourth consecutive year of population increase in the region, following a decline recorded in 2021 due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The demographic upturn is largely attributed to an increase in migration movements in the post-pandemic period. Since 2012, the natural decline in population, characterized by a higher number of deaths compared to births, has been offset by a positive migratory balance.
Looking at a broader timeframe, the EU’s population has grown significantly, rising from 354.5 million in 1960 to 450.4 million in 2025, which represents a total increase of 95.9 million. However, the growth rate has shown a slowdown in recent decades. Between 2005 and 2024, the average increase was 0.9 million annually, as opposed to an increase of about 3 million per year during the 1960s.
Germany remains the most populous member state, with 83.6 million inhabitants, followed by France and Italy, which account for 15% and 13% of the total EU population, respectively. These three countries make up nearly half of the European population.
However, not all EU countries have followed this growth trend. Between January 1, 2024, and January 1, 2025, eight states experienced a reduction in their population. Latvia led the decline with a rate of -9.9 per 1,000 inhabitants, followed by Hungary (-4.7), and Poland and Estonia, both with -3.4.
In contrast, Malta stood out as the country with the highest population growth, recording an increase of 19.0 per 1,000 people, followed by Ireland (+16.3) and Luxembourg (+14.7). This analysis is presented in the context of the celebration of World Population Day, observed on July 11, an event aimed at raising awareness about global demographic challenges and realities.
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Referrer: MiMub in Spanish
